What is Cataract Surgery?
Cataract surgery is a common cataract procedure aimed at restoring vision impaired by cataracts, which are cloudy areas in the lens of the eye. This info page will guide you through the preparation, procedure, and recovery process, ensuring you have all the necessary information for a smooth and successful cataract operation.
Pre-surgery Preparation
Initial Consultation
The journey to clearer vision begins with an initial consultation with your ophthalmologist. During this appointment, one of the QERS eye specialists will perform a comprehensive eye examination to assess the extent of the cataract and discuss the best treatment options for you.
Your ophthalmologist will review your medical history, including any chronic conditions, medications, and previous surgeries. It’s important to disclose any health issues, allergies, or medications you’re taking. They will then discuss the different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) available and recommend the best option based on your eye health and lifestyle needs. They will also explain the different surgical techniques (traditional vs. laser-assisted) and help you decide which is right for you.
Pre-surgery Tests and Measurements
Prior to the cataract procedure, various tests and measurements will be conducted to measure visual acuity, refraction, and intraocular pressure. These include:
- Biometry: Accurate measurements of your eye will be taken to determine the appropriate power of the IOL. This includes the length of your eye and the curvature of your cornea.
- Keratometry: This test measures the curvature of the cornea and helps in the selection of the correct IOL.
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This imaging test provides detailed pictures of the eye’s internal structures, helping to assess the health of the retina and macula.
Medication and Dietary Restrictions
Your doctor will provide specific instructions regarding medications and dietary restrictions before the cataract operation. You may be advised to stop taking certain medications that could increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. Additionally, fasting might be required for a few hours before the procedure.
- Medication Review: Your doctor will review your current medications and advise you on any that need to be adjusted or stopped before surgery. Blood thinners, for example, may need to be paused to reduce the risk of bleeding during the procedure.
- Prescription Eye Drops: You may be prescribed antibiotic or anti-inflammatory eye drops to use before surgery to reduce the risk of infection and inflammation.
- Fasting Instructions: You will be advised not to eat or drink anything for a certain period before the surgery, usually around 8-12 hours, to ensure an empty stomach.
Arranging Transportation
You will not be able to drive yourself home after the surgery due to the side effects of anaesthesia and blurred vision. Arrange for a family member, friend, or a transportation service to take you home. It’s also helpful to have someone available to assist you at home for the first day or two as you recover.
Pre-surgery Anxiety Management
It's normal to feel anxious about undergoing surgery. Discuss your concerns with your doctor, who can offer reassurance and possibly prescribe medication to help manage pre-surgery anxiety.
- Counselling and Reassurance: Your healthcare team will provide information and reassurance to help manage any anxiety you may have about the procedure. Understanding the high success rate of cataract surgery and knowing what to expect can help alleviate fears.
- Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or listening to calming music can be helpful. In some cases, mild sedatives may be prescribed is anxiety is significant.
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Surgical Techniques Explained
Traditional Cataract Surgery
Traditional cataract surgery, also known as manual cataract surgery, involves making a small incision in the cornea. An ultrasound probe is used to break up the cloudy lens, which is then removed. A new artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens (IOL), is implanted in its place.
There are two types of traditional cataract surgery, and laser surgery:
Phacoemulsification
This is the most common technique for cataract surgery. It involves the following steps:
- A small incision is made in the cornea.
- An ultrasound probe is inserted through the incision to break up the cloudy lens into small pieces.
- The fragmented lens pieces are then suctioned out of the eye.
- An artificial lens is inserted to replace the natural lens.
Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE)
This technique is used for advanced cataracts that are too dense for phacoemulsification.
- A larger incision is made in the cornea.
- The cloudy lens is removed in one piece.
- An artificial lens is placed in the eye.
Laser Cataract Surgery
Laser-assisted cataract surgery uses advanced laser technology to make precise incisions and soften the cataract. This technique allows for greater accuracy and may reduce recovery time.
The key steps include:
- Laser Incisions: A femtosecond laser creates precise incisions in the cornea.
- Lens Fragmentation: The laser softens and breaks up the cataract, reducing the need for ultrasound energy.
- Capsulotomy: The laser creates a precise opening in the capsule that holds the lens.
The remainder of the procedure, including the removal of the cloudy lens and implantation of the IOL, is similar to traditional cataract surgery.
Recovery and Side Effects
Cataract Surgery Recovery
Recovery from cataract surgery is usually quick. Most patients experience improved vision within a few days. It's important to follow your doctor’s instructions, which may include using prescribed eye drops, avoiding strenuous activities, and attending follow-up appointments.
Side Effects of Cataract Surgery
While cataract surgery is safe, potential side effects include:
- Blurred vision
- Eye discomfort
- Light sensitivity
- Halos around lights
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What should I do to prepare for cataract surgery?
Preparation includes attending pre-surgery consultations, undergoing necessary tests, following medication and dietary restrictions, arranging transportation, and managing anxiety.
How long does cataract surgery take?
Cataract surgery typically takes about 15-20 minutes per eye. However, you should expect to spend a few hours at the surgical centre for preparation and post-operative care.
How long between cataract surgery on each eye?
If you need cataract surgery in both eyes, the procedures are usually scheduled a few weeks apart to allow the first eye to heal before the second surgery.
Is cataract surgery painful?
Cataract surgery is generally not painful. Local anaesthesia is used to numb the eye, and most patients report only mild discomfort during the procedure.
When should you have cataract surgery?
Cataract surgery is recommended when cataracts interfere significantly with daily activities, such as reading, driving, or watching TV, and when the benefits of improved vision outweigh the risks of the procedure.
Cataract surgery is a highly effective procedure for restoring clear vision. Whether you choose traditional or laser-assisted surgery, both techniques have high success rates and can significantly improve your quality of life.
Consult with one the eye specialists at Queensland Eye and Retina Specialists to determine the best option for your specific needs and circumstances.