Intravitreal injections are a cornerstone of modern retinal care, playing a central role in preserving vision across a range of sight-threatening conditions. For referrers, recognising when to initiate referral and understanding the treatment pathway can support earlier intervention and improved patient outcomes.
At Queensland Eye and Retina Specialists (QERS), we work closely with GPs, optometrists and ophthalmologists to provide timely assessment, streamlined access to intravitreal therapy, and clear communication throughout the patient journey.
Key Indications for Intravitreal Injections
Intravitreal injections are used across several retinal conditions, most commonly including:
Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Anti-VEGF therapy remains the gold standard for wet AMD, targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which drives the formation of leaky, abnormal blood vessels. Early detection and prompt treatment are critical to preserving central vision.
Diabetic Macular Oedema (DMO)
In patients with diabetes, macular oedema is a leading cause of vision loss. Intravitreal injections (primarily anti-VEGF agents, with steroid options in selected cases) can significantly improve or stabilise vision when introduced at the appropriate stage. In some cases, treatment may be combined with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) to reduce retinal metabolic demand and VEGF drive.
Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)
Both branch and central retinal vein occlusions may lead to macular oedema requiring treatment. Intravitreal therapy can reduce oedema and improve vision, particularly when initiated early.
Other Indications
Less commonly, intravitreal injections may be indicated in conditions such as myopic choroidal neovascularisation, inflammatory retinal disease, and selected cases of neovascular glaucoma.
Treatment Frequency and Individualised Care
Patients often require injections at intervals of approximately 4–6 weeks during the initial phase of treatment. However, management is highly individualised.
At QERS, treatment protocols are guided by clinical findings and imaging, including OCT. Patients are assessed at each visit, with a treat-and-extend approach used to gradually lengthen intervals once disease stability is achieved. This approach helps reduce treatment burden while maintaining visual outcomes.
The Importance of Timely Referral
Visual prognosis in many retinal conditions is closely linked to how early treatment is initiated. Delays in referral may result in irreversible structural damage and permanent vision loss.
Given this, prompt referral is recommended for patients presenting with:
- New distortion or reduced central vision
- OCT evidence of macular fluid
- Suspected neovascular changes
- Unexplained vision decline in patients with diabetes or vascular disease
Even in cases of diagnostic uncertainty, early specialist assessment can help guide management and reduce risk.
What Your Patients Can Expect
Intravitreal injections are performed as an in-room procedure under local anaesthetic and are generally well tolerated. Patients are reviewed regularly, with ongoing treatment tailored to their individual response.
Given the chronic nature of many retinal conditions, consistency of care and efficient scheduling are important. At QERS, our service model is designed to support timely access to treatment and continuity of care.
Supporting Referrers and Patients
Queensland Eye and Retina Specialists provides responsive, specialist care for patients requiring intravitreal therapy. Our team supports referrers with:
- Rapid triage and expedited assessment for urgent cases
- Clear diagnosis and treatment planning
- Regular updates and correspondence
- Opportunities for co-management where appropriate
Refer Your Patient
If you have a patient who may benefit from retinal assessment or intravitreal therapy, we welcome your referral.
Refer your patient to QERS for prompt assessment and management of retinal conditions.
This article is intended for healthcare professionals and is for general information and educational purposes only. Where further or specialised care is required, the treating practitioner can provide an appropriate referral.